The History of Income Tax in the United
States
At one time in history, income tax in the United
States of America didn't even exist. However, today Americans say "only two
things are certain: death and taxes". Many of us wish we lived back in the days
of no income tax, but those days were difficult times. And be careful for what
you wish for because many would gladly pay taxes for the conveniences of modern
day living alone!
The history of taxes dates back to the period of
1791 to 1802 when the government was funded by taxes on alcoholic beverages,
carriages, sugar, tobacco products, property, sales and corporate bonds. Then
came the War of 1812 and all of the war associated expenses. Taxes were then
added onto luxury consumer goods. Yet, in 1817, all internal taxes were
abolished and tariffs on imported products were the only funding the government
received.
The history of the actual taxing of income begins
during the Civil War period. The cost of this war caused the government to
begin taxing the income of the citizens on a sliding scale. Other taxes were
added such as inheritance tax and sales and excise taxes to fund the war
effort. It is interesting to note that in 1866, the taxes for the young nation
reached $310 million. Today, the total is far greater and the 310 million is
mere chunk change to Bill Gates and other cash machines of the day.
The history of the Internal Revenue Service begins
with an Act passed in 1862 which established an office of Commissioner of
Internal Revenue. This office had the power to assess taxes, levy and collect
the taxes and enforce the laws regarding taxation. This power was passed along
to what we know today as the IRS. Every year, the IRS prosecutes people who
file fraudulent taxes or fail to report significant income.
In 1872, income tax was abolished by Congress but it
returned for a short time in 1894 through 1895. In 1895, income tax was ruled
to be unconstitutional and was again rescinded.
Unfortunately for those who work for a living, in
1913, the 16th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States made income
tax a permanent part of our lives. Congress was given the legal ability to tax
the income of those living in the U.S and the corporations operating in the
U.S.
The point in history at which income tax began to be
withheld from paychecks was 1943. At that time, 60 million taxpayers were
living in the U.S. In the following years, taxes changed frequently, both up
and down. The most significant tax cut in history was in 1981 but in 1982 and
again in 1984 taxes once again started to climb.
President George W. Bush has a part in what we will
know in the future as the history of income taxes. In 2001, 2002, 2003 and
again in 2004, tax cut legislation was signed into law. Whatever the public
opinion of the President of the United States is, one thing is certain and that
is the ever present fact that he indeed tried his best to make significant cuts
in taxes.
At no time in history have there been more tax
payers in America than today. With the child tax credit, earned income credit
and other credit, some people are very happy to file their taxes and get
refunds while others dread the task of having to submit a check with their tax
return. This is why the tax season has always been a double-edged sword.
